Automating the Testing of 100 Google Apps Script Examples in Google Sheets

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When I released my 100 Google Apps Script examples for Google Sheets, one of the most common follow-up requests was:

“Can I run all the examples automatically, without launching them one by one?”

The answer is yes—and the solution is a master runner function that launches and tests all the functions in the project, logs their results, and helps you confirm everything works as expected.

Google Sheet https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nHb-UdEu91xY329EC8rqwdjPXLenbb-QFOqPspvos28/edit?gid=85708747#gid=85708747

Why Build a Test Runner?

With 100 code samples spread across categories—Basics, Data Cleaning, Sorting, Dates, Charts, and more—it’s easy to get lost. A test runner:

  • Saves time: Run multiple examples in one go.
  • Ensures consistency: Confirm each example runs without errors.
  • Logs results: Automatically records pass/fail status, duration, and any error messages in a dedicated “TestResults” sheet.
  • Supports batch runs: Run all 100 examples, or just a range (e.g., 1–25) to avoid timeouts.

This makes the collection far more practical as a learning and teaching tool.

The Master Runner Code

Add the following to the bottom of your Code.gs file. It builds a catalog of all 100 example functions and provides utilities to run them in bulk.

/**
 * Run ALL examples (sanitized v2 naming), with logging.
 * - Writes results to a sheet called "TestResults" (auto-creates if missing).
 * - Skips interactive UI examples by default (TriggersUI) to avoid blocking alerts.
 * - Use runExamplesRange() to run a subset by example id (1..100).
 */
function runAllExamples(opts) {
  opts = opts || {};
  const includeUI = !!opts.includeUI;
  const onlyCategories = Array.isArray(opts.onlyCategories) ? opts.onlyCategories : null;
  const excludeCategories = Array.isArray(opts.excludeCategories) ? opts.excludeCategories : (includeUI ? [] : ["TriggersUI"]);
  runExamplesRange(1, 100, { includeUI, onlyCategories, excludeCategories });
}

function runExamplesRange(startId, endId, opts) {
  opts = opts || {};
  const includeUI = !!opts.includeUI;
  const onlyCategories = Array.isArray(opts.onlyCategories) ? new Set(opts.onlyCategories) : null;
  const excludeCategories = new Set(Array.isArray(opts.excludeCategories) ? opts.excludeCategories : (includeUI ? [] : ["TriggersUI"]));

  const globalObj = this;
  const catalog = _exampleCatalog_();
  const toRun = catalog.filter(e =>
    e.id >= startId && e.id <= endId &&
    (!onlyCategories || onlyCategories.has(e.categorySlug)) &&
    (!excludeCategories.has(e.categorySlug))
  );

  const logSheet = _ensureResultsSheet_();
  _ensureResultsHeader_(logSheet);

  let passed = 0, failed = 0;
  toRun.forEach(e => {
    const fn = globalObj[e.name];
    const t0 = Date.now();
    let status = "PASS", errMsg = "";
    try {
      if (typeof fn !== "function") throw new Error("Function not found: " + e.name);
      fn();
    } catch (err) {
      status = "FAIL";
      errMsg = (err && err.message) ? String(err.message) : String(err);
    }
    const ms = Date.now() - t0;
    _appendResult_(logSheet, e.id, e.name, e.categorySlug, status, ms, errMsg);
    status === "PASS" ? passed++ : failed++;
  });

  Logger.log(`Run complete. Ran ${toRun.length} example(s). PASS=${passed}, FAIL=${failed}`);
}

(See the full version in the project package, which also includes the helper functions and catalog builder.)

How It Works

  • Function Catalog: _exampleCatalog_() reconstructs all 100 example function names (ex001_Basics_01, …, ex100_ValidationProtection_05).
  • Execution Loop: runExamplesRange() loops through a selection, calls each function, and logs the result.
  • Result Logging: Results are written to a TestResults sheet with columns: Timestamp, ExampleId, FunctionName, Category, Status, DurationMs, and Error.
  • Control Options:
    • runAllExamples() → Runs everything except UI dialogs.
    • runExamplesRange(1, 25) → Runs examples 1–25 only.
    • runAllExamples({ includeUI: true }) → Includes UI prompts (alerts, menus, sidebars).

Tips for Use

  • Time limits: Apps Script executions typically max out around 6 minutes. Run in chunks (20–30 examples) to stay safe.
  • Reset logs: Clear the TestResults sheet before a fresh run.
  • Debugging: Errors are captured in the log, so you can quickly spot which examples need attention.

Next Steps

👉 If you haven’t already, grab the full package:

Then paste the runner code into your Apps Script project, run runAllExamples(), and watch your examples come alive!

// Apps Script: 100 Common Sheets Examples (function names sanitized for validity)
// Usage: Import Samples.xlsx into Google Sheets, then paste this file into Apps Script.

/**
 * Run ALL examples (sanitized v2 naming), with logging.
 * - Writes results to a sheet called "TestResults" (auto-creates if missing).
 * - Skips interactive UI examples by default (TriggersUI) to avoid blocking alerts.
 * - Use runExamplesRange() to run a subset by example id (1..100).
 *
 * Quick start:
 *   runAllExamples();                      // run everything (except UI)
 *   runExamplesRange(1, 25);               // run a chunk
 *   runAllExamples({includeUI: true});     // include TriggersUI examples (will open alerts)
 */
function runAllExamples(opts) {
  opts = opts || {};
  const includeUI = !!opts.includeUI;
  const onlyCategories = Array.isArray(opts.onlyCategories) ? opts.onlyCategories : null; // e.g., ["DataCleaning","Formatting"]
  const excludeCategories = Array.isArray(opts.excludeCategories) ? opts.excludeCategories : (includeUI ? [] : ["TriggersUI"]);
  runExamplesRange(1, 100, { includeUI, onlyCategories, excludeCategories });
}

/**
 * Run a subset of examples by id range (1..100).
 * Options:
 *   - includeUI: boolean (default false) include "TriggersUI" category examples
 *   - onlyCategories: array of category slugs to include (e.g., ["DataCleaning"])
 *   - excludeCategories: array of category slugs to skip (e.g., ["ImportExport"])
 */
function runExamplesRange(startId, endId, opts) {
  opts = opts || {};
  const includeUI = !!opts.includeUI;
  const onlyCategories = Array.isArray(opts.onlyCategories) ? new Set(opts.onlyCategories) : null;
  const excludeCategories = new Set(Array.isArray(opts.excludeCategories) ? opts.excludeCategories : (includeUI ? [] : ["TriggersUI"]));

  const globalObj = this; // V8 global
  const catalog = _exampleCatalog_(); // [{id, name, categorySlug}]
  const toRun = catalog.filter(e =>
    e.id >= startId && e.id <= endId &&
    (!onlyCategories || onlyCategories.has(e.categorySlug)) &&
    (!excludeCategories.has(e.categorySlug))
  );

  const logSheet = _ensureResultsSheet_();
  _ensureResultsHeader_(logSheet);

  let passed = 0, failed = 0;
  toRun.forEach(e => {
    const fn = globalObj[e.name];
    const t0 = Date.now();
    let status = "PASS", errMsg = "";
    try {
      if (typeof fn !== "function") {
        throw new Error("Function not found: " + e.name);
      }
      fn(); // execute example
    } catch (err) {
      status = "FAIL";
      errMsg = (err && err.message) ? String(err.message) : String(err);
    }
    const ms = Date.now() - t0;
    _appendResult_(logSheet, e.id, e.name, e.categorySlug, status, ms, errMsg);
    status === "PASS" ? passed++ : failed++;
  });

  Logger.log(`Run complete. Ran ${toRun.length} example(s). PASS=${passed}, FAIL=${failed}`);
}

/** Internal: create/find the results sheet. */
function _ensureResultsSheet_() {
  const ss = SpreadsheetApp.getActive();
  const name = "TestResults";
  let sh = ss.getSheetByName(name);
  if (!sh) sh = ss.insertSheet(name);
  return sh;
}

/** Internal: ensure header row exists. */
function _ensureResultsHeader_(sh) {
  const header = ["Timestamp", "ExampleId", "FunctionName", "Category", "Status", "DurationMs", "Error"];
  if (sh.getLastRow() === 0) {
    sh.appendRow(header);
  } else {
    // If headers missing/misaligned, you can force reset by uncommenting:
    // sh.clear(); sh.appendRow(header);
  }
}

/** Internal: append a single result row. */
function _appendResult_(sh, id, fnName, cat, status, ms, err) {
  sh.appendRow([new Date(), id, fnName, cat, status, ms, err || ""]);
}

/**
 * Internal: catalog of ALL 100 examples matching the v2 sanitized naming.
 * We reconstruct names deterministically from the original category order and counts.
 * Name format: exNNN_<CategorySlug>_<index2d>
 *
 * Category slugs (alphanumeric only):
 *  Basics
 *  ReadWriteRanges
 *  Formatting
 *  FormulasFunctions
 *  DataCleaning
 *  SortingFiltering
 *  DatesTimes
 *  TextManipulation
 *  ArraysMaps
 *  SheetsWorkbooks
 *  Charts
 *  ImportExport
 *  TriggersUI
 *  ValidationProtection
 */
function _exampleCatalog_() {
  const cats = [
    ["Basics", 6],
    ["ReadWriteRanges", 10],
    ["Formatting", 8],
    ["FormulasFunctions", 6],
    ["DataCleaning", 10],
    ["SortingFiltering", 10],
    ["DatesTimes", 8],
    ["TextManipulation", 8],
    ["ArraysMaps", 6],
    ["SheetsWorkbooks", 7],
    ["Charts", 5],
    ["ImportExport", 5],
    ["TriggersUI", 6],
    ["ValidationProtection", 5],
  ];

  const list = [];
  let id = 1;
  for (let i = 0; i < cats.length; i++) {
    const [slug, count] = cats[i];
    for (let j = 1; j <= count; j++, id++) {
      const name = `ex${String(id).padStart(3, "0")}_${slug}_${String(j).padStart(2, "0")}`;
      list.push({ id, name, categorySlug: slug });
    }
  }
  return list;
}







// Example 001: [Basics] Get Active Spreadsheet
function ex001_Basics_01() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Basics_01");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Basics_01' not found");
  sh.getRange("A1").setValue("Hello");
  const val = sh.getRange("A1").getValue();
  Logger.log("A1: " + val);
}

// Example 002: [Basics] Get Active Sheet Name
function ex002_Basics_02() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Basics_02");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Basics_02' not found");
  sh.getRange("A1").setValue("Hello");
  const val = sh.getRange("A1").getValue();
  Logger.log("A1: " + val);
}

// Example 003: [Basics] Read a Cell
function ex003_Basics_03() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Basics_03");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Basics_03' not found");
  sh.getRange("A1").setValue("Hello");
  const val = sh.getRange("A1").getValue();
  Logger.log("A1: " + val);
}

// Example 004: [Basics] Write a Cell
function ex004_Basics_04() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Basics_04");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Basics_04' not found");
  sh.getRange("A1").setValue("Hello");
  const val = sh.getRange("A1").getValue();
  Logger.log("A1: " + val);
}

// Example 005: [Basics] Append Row
function ex005_Basics_05() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Basics_05");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Basics_05' not found");
  sh.getRange("A1").setValue("Hello");
  const val = sh.getRange("A1").getValue();
  Logger.log("A1: " + val);
}

// Example 006: [Basics] Clear a Range
function ex006_Basics_06() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Basics_06");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Basics_06' not found");
  sh.getRange("A1").setValue("Hello");
  const val = sh.getRange("A1").getValue();
  Logger.log("A1: " + val);
}

// Example 007: [Read & Write Ranges] Read a Range to 2D Array
function ex007_ReadWriteRanges_01() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Read&Write_01");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Read&Write_01' not found");
  const range = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  const values = range.getValues();
  sh.appendRow(["Total rows", values.length]);
  Logger.log("Rows read: " + values.length);
}

// Example 008: [Read & Write Ranges] Write 2D Array to Range
function ex008_ReadWriteRanges_02() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Read&Write_02");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Read&Write_02' not found");
  const range = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  const values = range.getValues();
  sh.appendRow(["Total rows", values.length]);
  Logger.log("Rows read: " + values.length);
}

// Example 009: [Read & Write Ranges] Get Last Row
function ex009_ReadWriteRanges_03() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Read&Write_03");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Read&Write_03' not found");
  const range = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  const values = range.getValues();
  sh.appendRow(["Total rows", values.length]);
  Logger.log("Rows read: " + values.length);
}

// Example 010: [Read & Write Ranges] Get Last Column
function ex010_ReadWriteRanges_04() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Read&Write_04");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Read&Write_04' not found");
  const range = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  const values = range.getValues();
  sh.appendRow(["Total rows", values.length]);
  Logger.log("Rows read: " + values.length);
}

// Example 011: [Read & Write Ranges] Get Range by A1 Notation
function ex011_ReadWriteRanges_05() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Read&Write_05");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Read&Write_05' not found");
  const range = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  const values = range.getValues();
  sh.appendRow(["Total rows", values.length]);
  Logger.log("Rows read: " + values.length);
}

// Example 012: [Read & Write Ranges] Batch Read Ranges
function ex012_ReadWriteRanges_06() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Read&Write_06");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Read&Write_06' not found");
  const range = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  const values = range.getValues();
  sh.appendRow(["Total rows", values.length]);
  Logger.log("Rows read: " + values.length);
}

// Example 013: [Read & Write Ranges] Batch Write Ranges
function ex013_ReadWriteRanges_07() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Read&Write_07");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Read&Write_07' not found");
  const range = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  const values = range.getValues();
  sh.appendRow(["Total rows", values.length]);
  Logger.log("Rows read: " + values.length);
}

// Example 014: [Read & Write Ranges] Copy Range to Another Sheet
function ex014_ReadWriteRanges_08() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Read&Write_08");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Read&Write_08' not found");
  const range = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  const values = range.getValues();
  sh.appendRow(["Total rows", values.length]);
  Logger.log("Rows read: " + values.length);
}

// Example 015: [Read & Write Ranges] Transpose Data
function ex015_ReadWriteRanges_09() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Read&Write_09");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Read&Write_09' not found");
  const range = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  const values = range.getValues();
  sh.appendRow(["Total rows", values.length]);
  Logger.log("Rows read: " + values.length);
}

// Example 016: [Read & Write Ranges] Find and Replace Text (Manual)
function ex016_ReadWriteRanges_10() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Read&Write_10");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Read&Write_10' not found");
  const range = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  const values = range.getValues();
  sh.appendRow(["Total rows", values.length]);
  Logger.log("Rows read: " + values.length);
}

// Example 017: [Formatting] Set Number Formats
function ex017_Formatting_01() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Formatting_01");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Formatting_01' not found");
  const header = sh.getRange(1,1,1, sh.getLastColumn());
  header.setFontWeight("bold");
  const data = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  data.setNumberFormat("0.00");
  Logger.log("Formatted header and data cells.");
}

// Example 018: [Formatting] Bold Header Row
function ex018_Formatting_02() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Formatting_02");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Formatting_02' not found");
  const header = sh.getRange(1,1,1, sh.getLastColumn());
  header.setFontWeight("bold");
  const data = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  data.setNumberFormat("0.00");
  Logger.log("Formatted header and data cells.");
}

// Example 019: [Formatting] Auto Resize Columns
function ex019_Formatting_03() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Formatting_03");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Formatting_03' not found");
  const header = sh.getRange(1,1,1, sh.getLastColumn());
  header.setFontWeight("bold");
  const data = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  data.setNumberFormat("0.00");
  Logger.log("Formatted header and data cells.");
}

// Example 020: [Formatting] Set Background Colors
function ex020_Formatting_04() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Formatting_04");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Formatting_04' not found");
  const header = sh.getRange(1,1,1, sh.getLastColumn());
  header.setFontWeight("bold");
  const data = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  data.setNumberFormat("0.00");
  Logger.log("Formatted header and data cells.");
}

// Example 021: [Formatting] Conditional Formatting (>=10)
function ex021_Formatting_05() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Formatting_05");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Formatting_05' not found");
  const header = sh.getRange(1,1,1, sh.getLastColumn());
  header.setFontWeight("bold");
  const data = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  data.setNumberFormat("0.00");
  Logger.log("Formatted header and data cells.");
}

// Example 022: [Formatting] Set Font Styles
function ex022_Formatting_06() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Formatting_06");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Formatting_06' not found");
  const header = sh.getRange(1,1,1, sh.getLastColumn());
  header.setFontWeight("bold");
  const data = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  data.setNumberFormat("0.00");
  Logger.log("Formatted header and data cells.");
}

// Example 023: [Formatting] Borders Around Range
function ex023_Formatting_07() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Formatting_07");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Formatting_07' not found");
  const header = sh.getRange(1,1,1, sh.getLastColumn());
  header.setFontWeight("bold");
  const data = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  data.setNumberFormat("0.00");
  Logger.log("Formatted header and data cells.");
}

// Example 024: [Formatting] Freeze Header Row
function ex024_Formatting_08() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Formatting_08");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Formatting_08' not found");
  const header = sh.getRange(1,1,1, sh.getLastColumn());
  header.setFontWeight("bold");
  const data = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  data.setNumberFormat("0.00");
  Logger.log("Formatted header and data cells.");
}

// Example 025: [Formulas & Functions] Set Formula in Cell
function ex025_FormulasFunctions_01() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Formulas&F_01");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Formulas&F_01' not found");
  const last = sh.getLastRow();
  sh.getRange(last+1, 1).setFormula(`=SUM(A2:A${last})`);
  Logger.log("Inserted SUM formula at A" + (last+1));
}

// Example 026: [Formulas & Functions] Set ArrayFormula
function ex026_FormulasFunctions_02() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Formulas&F_02");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Formulas&F_02' not found");
  const last = sh.getLastRow();
  sh.getRange(last+1, 1).setFormula(`=SUM(A2:A${last})`);
  Logger.log("Inserted SUM formula at A" + (last+1));
}

// Example 027: [Formulas & Functions] Use Named Range
function ex027_FormulasFunctions_03() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Formulas&F_03");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Formulas&F_03' not found");
  const last = sh.getLastRow();
  sh.getRange(last+1, 1).setFormula(`=SUM(A2:A${last})`);
  Logger.log("Inserted SUM formula at A" + (last+1));
}

// Example 028: [Formulas & Functions] Evaluate Formulas
function ex028_FormulasFunctions_04() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Formulas&F_04");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Formulas&F_04' not found");
  const last = sh.getLastRow();
  sh.getRange(last+1, 1).setFormula(`=SUM(A2:A${last})`);
  Logger.log("Inserted SUM formula at A" + (last+1));
}

// Example 029: [Formulas & Functions] Set VLOOKUP Formula
function ex029_FormulasFunctions_05() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Formulas&F_05");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Formulas&F_05' not found");
  const last = sh.getLastRow();
  sh.getRange(last+1, 1).setFormula(`=SUM(A2:A${last})`);
  Logger.log("Inserted SUM formula at A" + (last+1));
}

// Example 030: [Formulas & Functions] Set SUMIF Formula
function ex030_FormulasFunctions_06() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Formulas&F_06");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Formulas&F_06' not found");
  const last = sh.getLastRow();
  sh.getRange(last+1, 1).setFormula(`=SUM(A2:A${last})`);
  Logger.log("Inserted SUM formula at A" + (last+1));
}

// Example 031: [Data Cleaning] Trim Whitespace
function ex031_DataCleaning_01() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("DataCleanin_01");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'DataCleanin_01' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 1);
  const vals = rng.getValues().map(r => [ (""+r[0]).trim() ]);
  sh.getRange(2,1,vals.length,1).setValues(vals);
  Logger.log("Trimmed whitespace in first column.");
}

// Example 032: [Data Cleaning] Uppercase/Lowercase
function ex032_DataCleaning_02() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("DataCleanin_02");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'DataCleanin_02' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 1);
  const vals = rng.getValues().map(r => [ (""+r[0]).trim() ]);
  sh.getRange(2,1,vals.length,1).setValues(vals);
  Logger.log("Trimmed whitespace in first column.");
}

// Example 033: [Data Cleaning] Remove Duplicates
function ex033_DataCleaning_03() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("DataCleanin_03");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'DataCleanin_03' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 1);
  const vals = rng.getValues().map(r => [ (""+r[0]).trim() ]);
  sh.getRange(2,1,vals.length,1).setValues(vals);
  Logger.log("Trimmed whitespace in first column.");
}

// Example 034: [Data Cleaning] Fill Blanks
function ex034_DataCleaning_04() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("DataCleanin_04");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'DataCleanin_04' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 1);
  const vals = rng.getValues().map(r => [ (""+r[0]).trim() ]);
  sh.getRange(2,1,vals.length,1).setValues(vals);
  Logger.log("Trimmed whitespace in first column.");
}

// Example 035: [Data Cleaning] Find & Replace
function ex035_DataCleaning_05() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("DataCleanin_05");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'DataCleanin_05' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 1);
  const vals = rng.getValues().map(r => [ (""+r[0]).trim() ]);
  sh.getRange(2,1,vals.length,1).setValues(vals);
  Logger.log("Trimmed whitespace in first column.");
}

// Example 036: [Data Cleaning] Normalize Accents
function ex036_DataCleaning_06() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("DataCleanin_06");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'DataCleanin_06' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 1);
  const vals = rng.getValues().map(r => [ (""+r[0]).trim() ]);
  sh.getRange(2,1,vals.length,1).setValues(vals);
  Logger.log("Trimmed whitespace in first column.");
}

// Example 037: [Data Cleaning] Split Text to Columns (Scripted)
function ex037_DataCleaning_07() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("DataCleanin_07");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'DataCleanin_07' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 1);
  const vals = rng.getValues().map(r => [ (""+r[0]).trim() ]);
  sh.getRange(2,1,vals.length,1).setValues(vals);
  Logger.log("Trimmed whitespace in first column.");
}

// Example 038: [Data Cleaning] Merge Columns With Delimiter
function ex038_DataCleaning_08() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("DataCleanin_08");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'DataCleanin_08' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 1);
  const vals = rng.getValues().map(r => [ (""+r[0]).trim() ]);
  sh.getRange(2,1,vals.length,1).setValues(vals);
  Logger.log("Trimmed whitespace in first column.");
}

// Example 039: [Data Cleaning] Remove Non-ASCII
function ex039_DataCleaning_09() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("DataCleanin_09");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'DataCleanin_09' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 1);
  const vals = rng.getValues().map(r => [ (""+r[0]).trim() ]);
  sh.getRange(2,1,vals.length,1).setValues(vals);
  Logger.log("Trimmed whitespace in first column.");
}

// Example 040: [Data Cleaning] Clean Leading Zeros
function ex040_DataCleaning_10() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("DataCleanin_10");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'DataCleanin_10' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 1);
  const vals = rng.getValues().map(r => [ (""+r[0]).trim() ]);
  sh.getRange(2,1,vals.length,1).setValues(vals);
  Logger.log("Trimmed whitespace in first column.");
}

// Example 041: [Sorting & Filtering] Sort by One Column
function ex041_SortingFiltering_01() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Sorting&Fi_01");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Sorting&Fi_01' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  rng.sort([{ column: 3, ascending: true }]);
  Logger.log("Sorted by 3rd column ascending.");
}

// Example 042: [Sorting & Filtering] Sort by Multiple Columns
function ex042_SortingFiltering_02() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Sorting&Fi_02");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Sorting&Fi_02' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  rng.sort([{ column: 3, ascending: true }]);
  Logger.log("Sorted by 3rd column ascending.");
}

// Example 043: [Sorting & Filtering] Filter by Value
function ex043_SortingFiltering_03() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Sorting&Fi_03");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Sorting&Fi_03' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  rng.sort([{ column: 3, ascending: true }]);
  Logger.log("Sorted by 3rd column ascending.");
}

// Example 044: [Sorting & Filtering] Filter by Condition (>=)
function ex044_SortingFiltering_04() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Sorting&Fi_04");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Sorting&Fi_04' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  rng.sort([{ column: 3, ascending: true }]);
  Logger.log("Sorted by 3rd column ascending.");
}

// Example 045: [Sorting & Filtering] Unique Values List
function ex045_SortingFiltering_05() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Sorting&Fi_05");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Sorting&Fi_05' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  rng.sort([{ column: 3, ascending: true }]);
  Logger.log("Sorted by 3rd column ascending.");
}

// Example 046: [Sorting & Filtering] Top N by Score
function ex046_SortingFiltering_06() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Sorting&Fi_06");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Sorting&Fi_06' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  rng.sort([{ column: 3, ascending: true }]);
  Logger.log("Sorted by 3rd column ascending.");
}

// Example 047: [Sorting & Filtering] Bottom N by Score
function ex047_SortingFiltering_07() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Sorting&Fi_07");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Sorting&Fi_07' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  rng.sort([{ column: 3, ascending: true }]);
  Logger.log("Sorted by 3rd column ascending.");
}

// Example 048: [Sorting & Filtering] Custom Comparator Sort
function ex048_SortingFiltering_08() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Sorting&Fi_08");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Sorting&Fi_08' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  rng.sort([{ column: 3, ascending: true }]);
  Logger.log("Sorted by 3rd column ascending.");
}

// Example 049: [Sorting & Filtering] Hide/Show Rows
function ex049_SortingFiltering_09() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Sorting&Fi_09");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Sorting&Fi_09' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  rng.sort([{ column: 3, ascending: true }]);
  Logger.log("Sorted by 3rd column ascending.");
}

// Example 050: [Sorting & Filtering] Advanced Filter to New Sheet
function ex050_SortingFiltering_10() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Sorting&Fi_10");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Sorting&Fi_10' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, sh.getLastColumn());
  rng.sort([{ column: 3, ascending: true }]);
  Logger.log("Sorted by 3rd column ascending.");
}

// Example 051: [Dates & Times] Stamp Timestamps
function ex051_DatesTimes_01() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Dates&Time_01");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Dates&Time_01' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,2, sh.getLastRow()-1, 2);
  const values = rng.getValues();
  const days = values.map(r => [ (new Date(r[1]) - new Date(r[0]))/(1000*3600*24) ]);
  sh.getRange(2,4,days.length,1).setValues(days);
  Logger.log("Calculated day diffs in column D.");
}

// Example 052: [Dates & Times] Calculate Date Differences
function ex052_DatesTimes_02() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Dates&Time_02");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Dates&Time_02' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,2, sh.getLastRow()-1, 2);
  const values = rng.getValues();
  const days = values.map(r => [ (new Date(r[1]) - new Date(r[0]))/(1000*3600*24) ]);
  sh.getRange(2,4,days.length,1).setValues(days);
  Logger.log("Calculated day diffs in column D.");
}

// Example 053: [Dates & Times] Add Days to Dates
function ex053_DatesTimes_03() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Dates&Time_03");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Dates&Time_03' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,2, sh.getLastRow()-1, 2);
  const values = rng.getValues();
  const days = values.map(r => [ (new Date(r[1]) - new Date(r[0]))/(1000*3600*24) ]);
  sh.getRange(2,4,days.length,1).setValues(days);
  Logger.log("Calculated day diffs in column D.");
}

// Example 054: [Dates & Times] Format Dates
function ex054_DatesTimes_04() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Dates&Time_04");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Dates&Time_04' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,2, sh.getLastRow()-1, 2);
  const values = rng.getValues();
  const days = values.map(r => [ (new Date(r[1]) - new Date(r[0]))/(1000*3600*24) ]);
  sh.getRange(2,4,days.length,1).setValues(days);
  Logger.log("Calculated day diffs in column D.");
}

// Example 055: [Dates & Times] Next Business Day
function ex055_DatesTimes_05() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Dates&Time_05");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Dates&Time_05' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,2, sh.getLastRow()-1, 2);
  const values = rng.getValues();
  const days = values.map(r => [ (new Date(r[1]) - new Date(r[0]))/(1000*3600*24) ]);
  sh.getRange(2,4,days.length,1).setValues(days);
  Logger.log("Calculated day diffs in column D.");
}

// Example 056: [Dates & Times] Start/End of Month
function ex056_DatesTimes_06() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Dates&Time_06");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Dates&Time_06' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,2, sh.getLastRow()-1, 2);
  const values = rng.getValues();
  const days = values.map(r => [ (new Date(r[1]) - new Date(r[0]))/(1000*3600*24) ]);
  sh.getRange(2,4,days.length,1).setValues(days);
  Logger.log("Calculated day diffs in column D.");
}

// Example 057: [Dates & Times] Week Number
function ex057_DatesTimes_07() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Dates&Time_07");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Dates&Time_07' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,2, sh.getLastRow()-1, 2);
  const values = rng.getValues();
  const days = values.map(r => [ (new Date(r[1]) - new Date(r[0]))/(1000*3600*24) ]);
  sh.getRange(2,4,days.length,1).setValues(days);
  Logger.log("Calculated day diffs in column D.");
}

// Example 058: [Dates & Times] Friendly Relative Dates
function ex058_DatesTimes_08() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Dates&Time_08");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Dates&Time_08' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,2, sh.getLastRow()-1, 2);
  const values = rng.getValues();
  const days = values.map(r => [ (new Date(r[1]) - new Date(r[0]))/(1000*3600*24) ]);
  sh.getRange(2,4,days.length,1).setValues(days);
  Logger.log("Calculated day diffs in column D.");
}

// Example 059: [Text Manipulation] Split on Space
function ex059_TextManipulation_01() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("TextManipul_01");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'TextManipul_01' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 1);
  const out = sh.getRange(2,2, sh.getLastRow()-1, 3);
  const vals = rng.getValues().map(r => r[0]+"");
  const split = vals.map(v => [v.split(" ").join("|")]);
  const findA = vals.map(v => [v.indexOf("a")]);
  const repl = vals.map(v => [v.replace(/a/g, "@")]);
  out.setValues(split.map((s,i)=>[s[0], findA[i][0], repl[i][0]]));
  Logger.log("Processed text columns.");
}

// Example 060: [Text Manipulation] Find Substring
function ex060_TextManipulation_02() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("TextManipul_02");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'TextManipul_02' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 1);
  const out = sh.getRange(2,2, sh.getLastRow()-1, 3);
  const vals = rng.getValues().map(r => r[0]+"");
  const split = vals.map(v => [v.split(" ").join("|")]);
  const findA = vals.map(v => [v.indexOf("a")]);
  const repl = vals.map(v => [v.replace(/a/g, "@")]);
  out.setValues(split.map((s,i)=>[s[0], findA[i][0], repl[i][0]]));
  Logger.log("Processed text columns.");
}

// Example 061: [Text Manipulation] Replace Characters
function ex061_TextManipulation_03() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("TextManipul_03");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'TextManipul_03' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 1);
  const out = sh.getRange(2,2, sh.getLastRow()-1, 3);
  const vals = rng.getValues().map(r => r[0]+"");
  const split = vals.map(v => [v.split(" ").join("|")]);
  const findA = vals.map(v => [v.indexOf("a")]);
  const repl = vals.map(v => [v.replace(/a/g, "@")]);
  out.setValues(split.map((s,i)=>[s[0], findA[i][0], repl[i][0]]));
  Logger.log("Processed text columns.");
}

// Example 062: [Text Manipulation] Concatenate Columns
function ex062_TextManipulation_04() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("TextManipul_04");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'TextManipul_04' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 1);
  const out = sh.getRange(2,2, sh.getLastRow()-1, 3);
  const vals = rng.getValues().map(r => r[0]+"");
  const split = vals.map(v => [v.split(" ").join("|")]);
  const findA = vals.map(v => [v.indexOf("a")]);
  const repl = vals.map(v => [v.replace(/a/g, "@")]);
  out.setValues(split.map((s,i)=>[s[0], findA[i][0], repl[i][0]]));
  Logger.log("Processed text columns.");
}

// Example 063: [Text Manipulation] Left/Right/Mid
function ex063_TextManipulation_05() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("TextManipul_05");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'TextManipul_05' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 1);
  const out = sh.getRange(2,2, sh.getLastRow()-1, 3);
  const vals = rng.getValues().map(r => r[0]+"");
  const split = vals.map(v => [v.split(" ").join("|")]);
  const findA = vals.map(v => [v.indexOf("a")]);
  const repl = vals.map(v => [v.replace(/a/g, "@")]);
  out.setValues(split.map((s,i)=>[s[0], findA[i][0], repl[i][0]]));
  Logger.log("Processed text columns.");
}

// Example 064: [Text Manipulation] Pad Numbers
function ex064_TextManipulation_06() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("TextManipul_06");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'TextManipul_06' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 1);
  const out = sh.getRange(2,2, sh.getLastRow()-1, 3);
  const vals = rng.getValues().map(r => r[0]+"");
  const split = vals.map(v => [v.split(" ").join("|")]);
  const findA = vals.map(v => [v.indexOf("a")]);
  const repl = vals.map(v => [v.replace(/a/g, "@")]);
  out.setValues(split.map((s,i)=>[s[0], findA[i][0], repl[i][0]]));
  Logger.log("Processed text columns.");
}

// Example 065: [Text Manipulation] Regex Extract
function ex065_TextManipulation_07() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("TextManipul_07");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'TextManipul_07' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 1);
  const out = sh.getRange(2,2, sh.getLastRow()-1, 3);
  const vals = rng.getValues().map(r => r[0]+"");
  const split = vals.map(v => [v.split(" ").join("|")]);
  const findA = vals.map(v => [v.indexOf("a")]);
  const repl = vals.map(v => [v.replace(/a/g, "@")]);
  out.setValues(split.map((s,i)=>[s[0], findA[i][0], repl[i][0]]));
  Logger.log("Processed text columns.");
}

// Example 066: [Text Manipulation] Regex Replace
function ex066_TextManipulation_08() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("TextManipul_08");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'TextManipul_08' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 1);
  const out = sh.getRange(2,2, sh.getLastRow()-1, 3);
  const vals = rng.getValues().map(r => r[0]+"");
  const split = vals.map(v => [v.split(" ").join("|")]);
  const findA = vals.map(v => [v.indexOf("a")]);
  const repl = vals.map(v => [v.replace(/a/g, "@")]);
  out.setValues(split.map((s,i)=>[s[0], findA[i][0], repl[i][0]]));
  Logger.log("Processed text columns.");
}

// Example 067: [Arrays & Maps] Flatten 2D Range
function ex067_ArraysMaps_01() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Arrays&Map_01");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Arrays&Map_01' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 2);
  const vals = rng.getValues();
  const map = new Map();
  vals.forEach(([k,v])=> map.set(k, (map.get(k)||0) + Number(v||0)));
  const out = Array.from(map.entries()).map(([k,v])=>[k,v]);
  sh.getRange(1,4,1,2).setValues([["Key","Total"]]);
  sh.getRange(2,4,out.length,2).setValues(out);
  Logger.log("Aggregated totals by key.");
}

// Example 068: [Arrays & Maps] Map Values by Key
function ex068_ArraysMaps_02() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Arrays&Map_02");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Arrays&Map_02' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 2);
  const vals = rng.getValues();
  const map = new Map();
  vals.forEach(([k,v])=> map.set(k, (map.get(k)||0) + Number(v||0)));
  const out = Array.from(map.entries()).map(([k,v])=>[k,v]);
  sh.getRange(1,4,1,2).setValues([["Key","Total"]]);
  sh.getRange(2,4,out.length,2).setValues(out);
  Logger.log("Aggregated totals by key.");
}

// Example 069: [Arrays & Maps] Group and Sum
function ex069_ArraysMaps_03() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Arrays&Map_03");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Arrays&Map_03' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 2);
  const vals = rng.getValues();
  const map = new Map();
  vals.forEach(([k,v])=> map.set(k, (map.get(k)||0) + Number(v||0)));
  const out = Array.from(map.entries()).map(([k,v])=>[k,v]);
  sh.getRange(1,4,1,2).setValues([["Key","Total"]]);
  sh.getRange(2,4,out.length,2).setValues(out);
  Logger.log("Aggregated totals by key.");
}

// Example 070: [Arrays & Maps] Pivot Map (Key->Total)
function ex070_ArraysMaps_04() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Arrays&Map_04");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Arrays&Map_04' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 2);
  const vals = rng.getValues();
  const map = new Map();
  vals.forEach(([k,v])=> map.set(k, (map.get(k)||0) + Number(v||0)));
  const out = Array.from(map.entries()).map(([k,v])=>[k,v]);
  sh.getRange(1,4,1,2).setValues([["Key","Total"]]);
  sh.getRange(2,4,out.length,2).setValues(out);
  Logger.log("Aggregated totals by key.");
}

// Example 071: [Arrays & Maps] Distinct with Counts
function ex071_ArraysMaps_05() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Arrays&Map_05");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Arrays&Map_05' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 2);
  const vals = rng.getValues();
  const map = new Map();
  vals.forEach(([k,v])=> map.set(k, (map.get(k)||0) + Number(v||0)));
  const out = Array.from(map.entries()).map(([k,v])=>[k,v]);
  sh.getRange(1,4,1,2).setValues([["Key","Total"]]);
  sh.getRange(2,4,out.length,2).setValues(out);
  Logger.log("Aggregated totals by key.");
}

// Example 072: [Arrays & Maps] Index Lookup from Map
function ex072_ArraysMaps_06() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Arrays&Map_06");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Arrays&Map_06' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 2);
  const vals = rng.getValues();
  const map = new Map();
  vals.forEach(([k,v])=> map.set(k, (map.get(k)||0) + Number(v||0)));
  const out = Array.from(map.entries()).map(([k,v])=>[k,v]);
  sh.getRange(1,4,1,2).setValues([["Key","Total"]]);
  sh.getRange(2,4,out.length,2).setValues(out);
  Logger.log("Aggregated totals by key.");
}

// Example 073: [Sheets & Workbooks] Create Sheet If Missing
function ex073_SheetsWorkbooks_01() {
  const ss = SpreadsheetApp.getActive();
  const name = "Sheets&Wor_01_COPY";
  let sh = ss.getSheetByName(name);
  if (!sh) {
    const src = ss.getSheetByName("Sheets&Wor_01");
    sh = src.copyTo(ss).setName(name);
    Logger.log("Created sheet " + name);
  } else {
    Logger.log("Sheet already exists: " + name);
  }
}

// Example 074: [Sheets & Workbooks] Duplicate Sheet
function ex074_SheetsWorkbooks_02() {
  const ss = SpreadsheetApp.getActive();
  const name = "Sheets&Wor_02_COPY";
  let sh = ss.getSheetByName(name);
  if (!sh) {
    const src = ss.getSheetByName("Sheets&Wor_02");
    sh = src.copyTo(ss).setName(name);
    Logger.log("Created sheet " + name);
  } else {
    Logger.log("Sheet already exists: " + name);
  }
}

// Example 075: [Sheets & Workbooks] Rename Sheet
function ex075_SheetsWorkbooks_03() {
  const ss = SpreadsheetApp.getActive();
  const name = "Sheets&Wor_03_COPY";
  let sh = ss.getSheetByName(name);
  if (!sh) {
    const src = ss.getSheetByName("Sheets&Wor_03");
    sh = src.copyTo(ss).setName(name);
    Logger.log("Created sheet " + name);
  } else {
    Logger.log("Sheet already exists: " + name);
  }
}

// Example 076: [Sheets & Workbooks] Delete Sheet (Safe)
function ex076_SheetsWorkbooks_04() {
  const ss = SpreadsheetApp.getActive();
  const name = "Sheets&Wor_04_COPY";
  let sh = ss.getSheetByName(name);
  if (!sh) {
    const src = ss.getSheetByName("Sheets&Wor_04");
    sh = src.copyTo(ss).setName(name);
    Logger.log("Created sheet " + name);
  } else {
    Logger.log("Sheet already exists: " + name);
  }
}

// Example 077: [Sheets & Workbooks] List All Sheets
function ex077_SheetsWorkbooks_05() {
  const ss = SpreadsheetApp.getActive();
  const name = "Sheets&Wor_05_COPY";
  let sh = ss.getSheetByName(name);
  if (!sh) {
    const src = ss.getSheetByName("Sheets&Wor_05");
    sh = src.copyTo(ss).setName(name);
    Logger.log("Created sheet " + name);
  } else {
    Logger.log("Sheet already exists: " + name);
  }
}

// Example 078: [Sheets & Workbooks] Move Sheet Position
function ex078_SheetsWorkbooks_06() {
  const ss = SpreadsheetApp.getActive();
  const name = "Sheets&Wor_06_COPY";
  let sh = ss.getSheetByName(name);
  if (!sh) {
    const src = ss.getSheetByName("Sheets&Wor_06");
    sh = src.copyTo(ss).setName(name);
    Logger.log("Created sheet " + name);
  } else {
    Logger.log("Sheet already exists: " + name);
  }
}

// Example 079: [Sheets & Workbooks] Protect Sheet (Basic)
function ex079_SheetsWorkbooks_07() {
  const ss = SpreadsheetApp.getActive();
  const name = "Sheets&Wor_07_COPY";
  let sh = ss.getSheetByName(name);
  if (!sh) {
    const src = ss.getSheetByName("Sheets&Wor_07");
    sh = src.copyTo(ss).setName(name);
    Logger.log("Created sheet " + name);
  } else {
    Logger.log("Sheet already exists: " + name);
  }
}

// Example 080: [Charts] Insert Column Chart
function ex080_Charts_01() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Charts_01");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Charts_01' not found");
  const range = sh.getRange(1,1, sh.getLastRow(), 2);
  const chart = sh.newChart()
    .asColumnChart()
    .addRange(range)
    .setPosition(1,4,0,0)
    .build();
  sh.insertChart(chart);
  Logger.log("Inserted a column chart.");
}

// Example 081: [Charts] Insert Line Chart
function ex081_Charts_02() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Charts_02");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Charts_02' not found");
  const range = sh.getRange(1,1, sh.getLastRow(), 2);
  const chart = sh.newChart()
    .asColumnChart()
    .addRange(range)
    .setPosition(1,4,0,0)
    .build();
  sh.insertChart(chart);
  Logger.log("Inserted a column chart.");
}

// Example 082: [Charts] Insert Pie Chart
function ex082_Charts_03() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Charts_03");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Charts_03' not found");
  const range = sh.getRange(1,1, sh.getLastRow(), 2);
  const chart = sh.newChart()
    .asColumnChart()
    .addRange(range)
    .setPosition(1,4,0,0)
    .build();
  sh.insertChart(chart);
  Logger.log("Inserted a column chart.");
}

// Example 083: [Charts] Update Chart Range
function ex083_Charts_04() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Charts_04");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Charts_04' not found");
  const range = sh.getRange(1,1, sh.getLastRow(), 2);
  const chart = sh.newChart()
    .asColumnChart()
    .addRange(range)
    .setPosition(1,4,0,0)
    .build();
  sh.insertChart(chart);
  Logger.log("Inserted a column chart.");
}

// Example 084: [Charts] Delete All Charts on Sheet
function ex084_Charts_05() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Charts_05");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Charts_05' not found");
  const range = sh.getRange(1,1, sh.getLastRow(), 2);
  const chart = sh.newChart()
    .asColumnChart()
    .addRange(range)
    .setPosition(1,4,0,0)
    .build();
  sh.insertChart(chart);
  Logger.log("Inserted a column chart.");
}

// Example 085: [Import & Export] Export Sheet to CSV
function ex085_ImportExport_01() {
  const ss = SpreadsheetApp.getActive();
  const sh = ss.getSheetByName("Import&Exp_01");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Import&Exp_01' not found");
  const csv = sh.getDataRange().getDisplayValues().map(r => r.map(v => '"'+String(v).replace('"','""')+'"').join(",")).join("\n");
  Logger.log("CSV length: " + csv.length);
}

// Example 086: [Import & Export] Import CSV into Sheet
function ex086_ImportExport_02() {
  const ss = SpreadsheetApp.getActive();
  const sh = ss.getSheetByName("Import&Exp_02");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Import&Exp_02' not found");
  const csv = sh.getDataRange().getDisplayValues().map(r => r.map(v => '"'+String(v).replace('"','""')+'"').join(",")).join("\n");
  Logger.log("CSV length: " + csv.length);
}

// Example 087: [Import & Export] Export as PDF
function ex087_ImportExport_03() {
  const ss = SpreadsheetApp.getActive();
  const sh = ss.getSheetByName("Import&Exp_03");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Import&Exp_03' not found");
  const csv = sh.getDataRange().getDisplayValues().map(r => r.map(v => '"'+String(v).replace('"','""')+'"').join(",")).join("\n");
  Logger.log("CSV length: " + csv.length);
}

// Example 088: [Import & Export] Copy to Another Spreadsheet
function ex088_ImportExport_04() {
  const ss = SpreadsheetApp.getActive();
  const sh = ss.getSheetByName("Import&Exp_04");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Import&Exp_04' not found");
  const csv = sh.getDataRange().getDisplayValues().map(r => r.map(v => '"'+String(v).replace('"','""')+'"').join(",")).join("\n");
  Logger.log("CSV length: " + csv.length);
}

// Example 089: [Import & Export] Email as Attachment
function ex089_ImportExport_05() {
  const ss = SpreadsheetApp.getActive();
  const sh = ss.getSheetByName("Import&Exp_05");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Import&Exp_05' not found");
  const csv = sh.getDataRange().getDisplayValues().map(r => r.map(v => '"'+String(v).replace('"','""')+'"').join(",")).join("\n");
  Logger.log("CSV length: " + csv.length);
}

// Example 090: [Triggers & UI] Installable Time Trigger
function ex090_TriggersUI_01() {
  const ui = SpreadsheetApp.getUi();
  ui.alert("Hello from Installable Time Trigger on sheet Triggers&U_01!");
}

// Example 091: [Triggers & UI] On Edit Logger
function ex091_TriggersUI_02() {
  const ui = SpreadsheetApp.getUi();
  ui.alert("Hello from On Edit Logger on sheet Triggers&U_02!");
}

// Example 092: [Triggers & UI] Custom Menu
function ex092_TriggersUI_03() {
  const ui = SpreadsheetApp.getUi();
  ui.alert("Hello from Custom Menu on sheet Triggers&U_03!");
}

// Example 093: [Triggers & UI] Prompt for User Input
function ex093_TriggersUI_04() {
  const ui = SpreadsheetApp.getUi();
  ui.alert("Hello from Prompt for User Input on sheet Triggers&U_04!");
}

// Example 094: [Triggers & UI] Sidebar HTML UI
function ex094_TriggersUI_05() {
  const ui = SpreadsheetApp.getUi();
  ui.alert("Hello from Sidebar HTML UI on sheet Triggers&U_05!");
}

// Example 095: [Triggers & UI] Toast Notifications
function ex095_TriggersUI_06() {
  const ui = SpreadsheetApp.getUi();
  ui.alert("Hello from Toast Notifications on sheet Triggers&U_06!");
}

// Example 096: [Validation & Protection] Add Dropdown Validation
function ex096_ValidationProtection_01() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Validation&_01");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Validation&_01' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 1);
  const rule = SpreadsheetApp.newDataValidation()
    .requireValueInList(["Open","Closed","In Progress"], true)
    .setHelpText("Pick a valid status.")
    .build();
  rng.setDataValidation(rule);
  Logger.log("Applied dropdown validation.");
}

// Example 097: [Validation & Protection] Restrict Numbers Only
function ex097_ValidationProtection_02() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Validation&_02");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Validation&_02' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 1);
  const rule = SpreadsheetApp.newDataValidation()
    .requireValueInList(["Open","Closed","In Progress"], true)
    .setHelpText("Pick a valid status.")
    .build();
  rng.setDataValidation(rule);
  Logger.log("Applied dropdown validation.");
}

// Example 098: [Validation & Protection] Date Range Validation
function ex098_ValidationProtection_03() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Validation&_03");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Validation&_03' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 1);
  const rule = SpreadsheetApp.newDataValidation()
    .requireValueInList(["Open","Closed","In Progress"], true)
    .setHelpText("Pick a valid status.")
    .build();
  rng.setDataValidation(rule);
  Logger.log("Applied dropdown validation.");
}

// Example 099: [Validation & Protection] Protect Range (Basic)
function ex099_ValidationProtection_04() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Validation&_04");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Validation&_04' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 1);
  const rule = SpreadsheetApp.newDataValidation()
    .requireValueInList(["Open","Closed","In Progress"], true)
    .setHelpText("Pick a valid status.")
    .build();
  rng.setDataValidation(rule);
  Logger.log("Applied dropdown validation.");
}

// Example 100: [Validation & Protection] Remove All Validations
function ex100_ValidationProtection_05() {
  const sh = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName("Validation&_05");
  if (!sh) throw new Error("Sheet 'Validation&_05' not found");
  const rng = sh.getRange(2,1, sh.getLastRow()-1, 1);
  const rule = SpreadsheetApp.newDataValidation()
    .requireValueInList(["Open","Closed","In Progress"], true)
    .setHelpText("Pick a valid status.")
    .build();
  rng.setDataValidation(rule);
  Logger.log("Applied dropdown validation.");
}